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Search Engine Marketing is PVP

July 11, 2010 in Advertising, Online, Search, Search Engines by Anthony | 2 comments

EVE Online (or Spreadsheets in Space as it is also known) is a MMORPG with strong PVP gameplay. There are a large number of other ways to play EVE Online, from the market through to PVE, but it is PVP that stands out in the game. It has been called a ganking game, which is a fair comment, as there is a real risk of loss of gear and skills (comparable to levels in other games). Loss of gear and skills creates behaviours aimed at minimising this risk while maximising rewards. In other MMORPGs with little or no chance of loss, PVP activity tends to be restricted to the market.

Winning at PVP in EVE Online

Winning at PVP in EVE Online

Wining at Spreadsheets in Space

PVP in EVE Online is not fair. In fact the challenge in PVP in EVE Online is in setting up these unfair encounters. In most MMORPGs, the actual act of combat consists of a few mouse clicks and some waiting. EVE Online is no different. It is the risk of losing stuff that makes players focus on everything before the actual combat a lot more. It is taking the right mix of ships, avoiding being out-numbered and cornered by a superior foe and acting before the opponent even knows they are in a fight where player skill starts to make a real difference.

Why SEM is like EVE Online PVP

Search Engine Marketing (SEM) in very similar to PVP. It is a zero-sum environment where operators compete for a resource through actions governed by a set of rules and environmental factors generated through user behaviour. There are a few principles that carry over from EVE Online PVP to SEM.

  • Situational awareness is king
    • Know how the advertising network works
    • Understand competitive activity
    • Understand how the market behaves
  • Observe, act and assess
    • Analysis without an accompanying action is useless
    • Assess the effectiveness of activity & reassess decision making model
    • And repeat…
  • Know where you can compete and where you can’t
    • Don’t waste time & resources competing directly with advertisers intent on outspending you
    • Find alternative ways of reaching potential customers.

Information is the key. Understanding how the query space works, having good situational awareness, and knowing where in the sales funnel certain terms are is valuable. It won’t save you from the SEM equivalent of a gate camp (high margin and ‘branding’ campaigns with large budgets), but it is essential for remaining competitive without burning through your budget.

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Sitelinks & Ratings in the SERPs

July 5, 2010 in Advertising, Search, Search Engines by Anthony | No comments

Google is incorporating more information into their Search Engine Result Pages (SERP) all the time. Video, product information, image previews, maps, reviews and social media content are a few of the things that Google has brought to their search engine over the years. Adwords has not been too far behind, with the inclusion of ads on their maps, and the introduction of Ad Sitelinks for certain campaigns. Ad Sitelinks was first introduced in November 2009 and was only available for qualified campaigns. Their appearance in the organic SERP looked more disruptive than a normal Adwords Ad, and promised to improve on Click Through Rate (CTR).

Google has just announced that Ad Sitelinks are now available for any campaign and the introduction of seller rating extensions. Getting Ad Sitelinks to display is still dependent on the ad meeting certain criteria, most probably relating to the spot on the page the ad displays in as determined by bid, competition and click through.

Ad Sitelinks provide alternative points of entry to the site aside from the main landing page, allowing the advertiser to offer alternative offers. Links to areas such as “Store Location”, “Quote Calculator” or “Product Reviews” can appeal to viewers who might not have responded to the main offer.

Search can be a powerful indication of intent, but with more generic terms, the action or information sought by the market can vary between individuals. With branded or descriptive terms the visitor might be seeking further information beyond the noun and a price point. Ad Sitelinks makes it possible to provide this at first glance, and generate traffic where the user may otherwise have continued on to the organic listings.

Using the same visual language of the organic results also makes the ad appear more authoritative and trustworthy. The addition of seller ratings can create the same effect. Creating richer content in a format closer to what the user is trained to look for on a SERP gives the advertiser the opportunity to disrupt their normal search and engage with the ad.

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Making Comparisons in a Competitive Market

June 10, 2010 in Advertising, Online by Anthony | No comments

In my last post, “Too soon for decisions”, I discussed applying a consistent set of rules to campaigns to assess the performance of new ads and targeting. However, in practice, assessment and tracking an AdWords or Facebook campaign can be an interesting exercise.

The data generated by a campaign is not a true representation of the population. The data is a snapshot limited by the markets targeted and the visibility available for the budget spent. Any single campaign can be exposed to direct competition over the whole market or specific subgroups. For example, just because “Campaign A” does not get traffic from Victoria does not mean that no-one in that state is searching for “Keyword B”.

A competitor could simply be focused on that market and value the traffic more. Other factors to consider are the effectiveness of the competition’s creatives and offers, the appeal of their product, efficiency of their site in turning clicks into sales and how much they return per conversion. All of these factors will influence their budget, and how much they are willing to spend per click or impression. Tools provided by the advertising networks that increase the efficiency of campaigns like Remarketing are also worth considering.

According to Wikipedia, a confidence interval is defined as:

…a particular kind of interval estimate of a population parameter. Instead of estimating the parameter by a single value, an interval likely to include the parameter is given. Thus, confidence intervals are used to indicate the reliability of an estimate. How likely the interval is to contain the parameter is determined by the confidence level or confidence coefficient. Increasing the desired confidence level will widen the confidence interval.

In use here, it is assumed that between similar competitors, the average Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) within the group is likely to be within a 95% confidence interval of the known CPA.

Confidence interval and estimated CPA

Confidence interval and estimated CPA

Confidence interval can give you an estimate of what other bidders may be paying for a conversion, assuming they are operating as efficiently as you are. In the graph included above, confidence interval of the CPA is used to estimate the most likely highest possible CPA a campaign can still compete on. In conjunction with Cost Per Click data, it is fair to assume that the competitors in the query space are willing to spend over the highest likely observed CPA. Reasons for their bidding strategy can vary from shutting out competitors by absorbing a short term loss, to a higher sustainable CPA. In a query space where a number of different verticals are competing for the same traffic, this metric is considerably less useful and your mileage may vary. For comparing CPA campaigns, creating a model for understanding the market, or simply to assess which ads are potentially performing a lot better or worse than your target in the face of direct competition, it is a useful tool.

Confidence interval can be a guide to how much your competitors expect to spend per conversion, assuming a lot of similarity in product and business practices. Arbitrage and industries with heavily commodified products are prime candidates for this, as well as campaigns with a very aggressive high cost bidding strategy, such as those competing directly with another member of your industry.

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Too soon for Decisions?

June 6, 2010 in Advertising, Online by Anthony | 1 comment

When can you start to assess and optimise online advertising campaigns in a meaningful way? Adwords, Yahoo! Search Marketing, LinkedIn and Facebook ads allow for an amazing level of market segmentation. Small, highly specific populations can be targeted by a large number of different variables. By their very nature these highly specific campaigns sometimes only generate low levels of traffic and sales, and consequently have a high level of apparent volatility over short time periods.

This volatility is an interesting challenge for account management, and can create a risk in responding to rapid changes. Low traffic and conversion numbers make it difficult to collect meaningful data over short time periods, making it hard to tell the difference between an emerging negative trend and an outlier. This creates problems in both managing low activity campaigns, campaigns in highly competitive and volatile markets, and new campaign testing.

Averages, Standard deviations and Confidence intervals

Averages, Standard deviations and Confidence intervals

Averages, standard deviation and confidence intervals are a few statistical tools available for analysing the data. The actual figures used to determine response will vary from campaign to campaign even for the same product, due to other factors such as the size of the audience and the means used to reach them. The tools used to explore the information and create heuristics for guiding analysis often will not change.

The sample data tracks a gradual upwards trend in the average cost per conversion in a focused Adwords campaign. There is an outlier at double the mean that skews the mean and standard deviation in the third reporting period. Normally this would be discarded, as its apparent effect on both the reporting period and ongoing mean and standard deviation is significant.

It is only on the fourth reporting period that the data starts to become consistent. While there is still some volatility in each reporting period, the reporting period mean remains within one standard deviation of the ongoing mean. The hypothesis that the ongoing campaign mean at four reporting periods can be used as a guide for this campaign is supported by the confidence interval of the whole campaign data set. In the example campaign, it can be assumed that after four reporting periods, there will be enough information to make decisions regarding optimising this campaign.

The figures based on the whole campaign can be used as a guide for assessing the effectiveness of specific ads, placements and keywords while minimising the risk of removing a creative that can still be productive. These metrics provide a guide for deciding when a campaign, keyword or creative needs direct intervention, or may just be having a bad week.

The model that you create using data from previous and current campaigns is ultimately only a guide. It can be used as a framework for assessing creatives and traffic, but these heuristics will only ever be as good as the data they are derived from. There is need to review of any model used to guide the decision making process periodically. The market is constantly changing, be it SEM, social or display advertising. Factors such as seasonality of the product, external environmental factors and competitor activity can have a significant impact.

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Online Marketing Skill Wishlist?

February 6, 2009 in Online by Anthony | No comments

What skills are on your wishlist for an entry level Online Marketing employee? What are the top five? Basic HTML coding skills? An eye for online design, eDM experience and an aptitude for PPC? How about a rudimentary understanding of SEO as well? While we’re at it, let’s find someone who can analyse server generated statistics and knows their way around Google Analytics as well.

There is another question that is just as important as the skills with which their studies have equipped them. What have they never been exposed to? It is too easy to assume that the recently graduated are all familiar with every aspect of their chosen profession, from SEO to PPC, site design and email marketing. However, even basic technologies like RSS and server-side statistics may be new to some recent graduates.

Does university deliver what we think they should?

Unfortunately when you are in the fishbowl it is too easy to forget that what you take for granted is not common knowledge and may not even be mentioned in a thirteen week course. While miles of column-inches have been devoted to proclaiming the younger generations as computer savvy savants, very little attention has been given to what this might actually mean in terms of a marketable skill set. Years spent on Myspace and a degree with the words ‘online’ and ‘internet’ does not an online marketer make.

Staying up on the edge

What is important is something that is not, in my experience, taught in university: a drive to learn and experiment with new ideas. The tools to do this are easily accessible, and should be introduced at university as well. In the courses that I did part-time, very little of what I already knew was actually covered. In fact, a lot of what was covered was not up-to-date with strategies where I worked at the time.

Professionally in this field it is negligent to not spend at least some of your own time exploring new things and keeping up with the latest developments. Is this reflected within the universities, or is it something that the graduates are expected to stumble upon?

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